No es infrecuente tener que escuchar aquella tontería de que la fe impide el pleno desarrollo de la capacidad de razonar. Se han llenado páginas y más páginas sobre el tema, demostrando que la realidad es justa la contraria: la fe ilumina el intelecto y nos abre a perspectivas de conocimiento que sin ella no alcanzaríamos. No voy a insistir sobre ello. Me limitaré a compartir con ustedes lo que he descubierto en el libro de Ernest Hello, Fisonomías de santos, en el capítulo que el autor dedica a san Bernardo.
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Lo que he descubierto allí es un ejemplo concreto de la hondísima penetración psicológica del santo. Una fina penetración dedicada a sus monjes pero que se puede aplicar a todos los estados y situaciones y que parece, por cierto, escrita para nuestros días.--- Hello hace referencia a un texto de san Bernardo, el Tratado de los diversos grados de la humildad y el orgullo, y nos explica cuáles son los doce grados del orgullo:---
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FOR MEDITATION. Once read on the internet.
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It is not infrequent to hear that nonsense that faith impedes the full development of the capacity to reason. Pages and pages have been filled on the subject, demonstrating that the reality is just the opposite: faith enlightens the intellect and opens us to perspectives of knowledge that without it we would not reach. I will not insist on this. I will limit myself to sharing with you what I discovered in Ernest Hello's book, Physiognomies of Saints, in the chapter that the author dedicates to St. Bernard.
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What I discovered there is a concrete example of the very deep psychological penetration of the saint. A fine penetration dedicated to his monks but which can be applied to all states and situations and which seems, by the way, to have been written for our times.
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Hello refers to a text of St. Bernard, the Treatise on the different degrees of humility and pride, and explains to us what the twelve degrees of pride are:---
1. Curiosity.--
2. Lightness of spirit, as when "the excellence of which he boasts gives the proud man to a puerile joy".--
3. The inept joy, which wants to be admired.--
4. Boastfulness: "if he did not speak, he would burst... He anticipates questions, he answers without being asked, he asks himself questions and answers". How easy it is to meet someone like that!--
5. Singularity: "During meals he looks around the tables and if he sees another monk eating less than he does, he regrets that he is ahead of him: then he goes on skimping on what he thought it was indispensable before, for he fears the loss of his glory more than the torments of hunger. He watches at bedtime and sleeps in the choir". The important thing is to be different, singular (in Catalonia, without going any further, we suffer from a plague of proud people of this type).--
6. Arrogance: "it is not that in what he says and does he thinks he is showing off his religiosity, but that he sincerely considers himself the holiest of men". Hello admires here the remarkable observation of St. Bernard: it is a sincere arrogance, the proud is convinced that what he attributes to himself is true.--
7. Presumption: "If the monk who reaches the seventh degree of pride is not elected prior when the occasion arises, he says that his abbot is jealous of him or that he has been deceived". You can change prior by director, general secretary, minister, archpriest or the position that they want.--
8. It is when a man defends his fallacies. This is a very dangerous degree, from which it is very difficult to return. St. Bernard writes: "Up to this point the proud man has done nothing more than practice pride, but when he reaches this point he turns it into a theory. Evil seems good". It is one thing to sin, and a thousand times worse to elaborate a theory to demonstrate that this action is not really a sin, but something good and meritorious. The similarities with the second Ignatian binary are evident. Hello comments: "When things change their names, when evil seems good to man and good seems evil to him, then he sinks into a sin that is more tenacious, cold, heavy, more difficult to cure". Passing off good as evil and vice versa: what we see every day.--
9. The simulated confession: the one who presented his faults as something good now goes so far as to exaggerate them. "Far from excusing himself, he exaggerates his fault. The last straw, but something quite logical if you think about it.--
10. Rebellion: "he who before accused himself without truth and humility, now throws off his mask and openly disobeys".--
11. The "freedom" of sin: "every obstacle has been broken" and one thinks he is free to do whatever he wants.-- 12. The habit of wrongdoing: "the habit arrives and then everything is finished".--